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SNOW ALL PLANET
#iceage #cold #ice #frozen #ocean #co2 #oxygen #water #phosphorus

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Genomics is Applied Genetics

In the study of humans migration, genomics and genetics really mean the same thing. Genetics is applied by genomics which analyses the structure of genomes. As well as migration much light has been shed on the origin of certain diseases.

Alcoholism has evolved in man because it was useful as a curative agent. It first occurred naturally from stored grain. Beer jugs were found with Stone Age people. Because it came from collected grains, alcohol and bread probably came into human culture at the same time, Alcoholism is a side effect of evolution. Benefits for Man outweighed this issue and anyway it could have started commerce via trade in beverages.

Having a particular gene predisposes groups of humans to sickle cell disease. It was said to be a disease of black gene pools. However, white people can develop the condition if they have the gene.

There is a predisposition gene for type 2 diabetes, though this malady can be caused by diet and taking medications over a Long period. Other gene related diseases include: Parkinson's, irritable bowel, prostate cancer, cystic fibrosis, autism (questionable) and so on.

Contrary to the mistaken view put forward by some scientists who should know better, humans never mated with Neanderthals. Each had a different number of chromosome so fertile offspring were not possible (see: Britannica).

◆ Genetics by Ty Buchanan ◆

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PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE
#neanderthal #ancient #man #human #genetics #genomics #diseases

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Large Asteroid Craters Found in Australia

Australia has always been seen as remote. Yet new new things are being discovered about its history. It has been identified as the "target" of one of the world's largest asteroid impacts. Two craters found by Andrew Glikson and his team are thought to have been caused by a large meteor which broke into two pieces.

Each crater is 200 kilometers in diameter. One of these craters on its own is larger than the impact in Mexico: the Central American collision wiped out the dinosaurs. It isn't the biggest, however. The Sudbury comet did a great deal of damage, but the world's widest crater is the Vredefort in South Africa.

The twin craters in Australia have been flattened out over eons of time. They were found by geothermal research. It appears that asteroid impact covers the Northern Territory, Queensland and South Australia, a very large area. Seismic traverses is going to be applied next. This will hopefully bring new things to light.

If the asteroid damage in Mexico caused mass extinction, the severe disruption in Australia would have destroyed life as well. Its age has not yet been determined. The question is: Did the dinosaurs survive the catastrophe or were they long gone by then?

✴ Technology by Ty Buchanan ✴

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The Modern Diet is Not Normal for Humans

Some scientists are condemning the "Hunter Gatherer" diet. The academics say that the consumption of carbohydrates that comes mainly from "grass" seeds, namely, wheat is normal for humans. This is absolutely incorrect. People only stopped wandering and took up crop farming ten thousand years ago. We have not had time to genetically adapt. Obesity is definitely caused by a high intake of flour from cereal and abnormal consumption of white sugar, particularly by children.

Look at schoolchildren today. There isn't a skinny one amongst them. The girls have huge thighs and hardly any waist. The mind boggles just thinking about what their body weight will be when they reach their mid thirties. Only the very old today resemble people seen in the old black and white movies. Before the Second World War, people were very skinny. Mind you they did do a lot of manual labor, many working 12 hour days. If you burn a high amount of calories you can eat what you want and not gain weight. However, most today are sedentary.

Remains of early humans show that they did eat a gruel of wild seeds. This evidence only proves that our ancestors ate seeds in the last ten thousand years. There is strong evidence of a meat, berry and tuber diet before this time. There was variation in lifestyle of premodern humans. None of them farmed cereals though. They did keep domesticated animals.

The story of Man has been never ending periods of starvation and misery, with disease being prominent due to ignorance of sanitation. Food has only been plentiful in recent times. It is notable that obesity and malnutrition is spreading through developing countries as they adopt the Western diet. This on its own is a condemnation of the modern diet. We can be sure our ancestors ate a wide range of food, but they did not gorge themselves on white flour.

Science by Ty Buchanan

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Being Overweight Makes You Shorter

Young women are becoming shorter. This not just from the weight pulling one down and stooping, i.e., bending over at the shoulder. It is because girls have a poor diet and are overweight. They do not grow to their full potential height.

Women in the 18 to 24 are 1.1cm shorter on average than their mothers. Oddly, young men have "shrunk" by only 0.2xm when compared to their fathers. The reason for this discrepancy is not yet known.

Today this age group of women is 27 per cent fatter than the same age group in 1995. This is a larger gain than people of all other groups. The main problem is that young women do not eat foods that contain calcium - thus the spine bends and compresses. They eat "on the run", consuming just about anything that is tasty and fills them up. Preparing meals is not something young women do. Furthermore, fad diets are notoriously lacking in essential vitamins and minerals.

It is older women who are doing the exercise. They have realized the dangers and are doing something about it.. Older women like to look younger. Perhaps daughters should note what their mothers are doing and seek advice from them.

Health by Ty Buchanan

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Part-Time and Full-Time Employment Means Fewer Babies

It is not work in general that is causing a decline in women giving birth at a young age. It is specifically temporary jobs that are responsible. In Australia part-time and casual employment has boomed over the last decade as employers see it as a way to keep costs down. Many work extra hours for no money at all, afraid of losing their jobs.

Women working full time can afford to pay for child care, or at least for critical periods when they are working. Such career women are having children before they reach the age of 35 years. There is a myth out there that it is these career women who are starting families at an older age. Oddly the effects of not working full time changes the behavior of women in the high socieconomic group as well. They may be able to afford childcare from a financial "nest egg", but it is the state of mind about not working enough and not having sufficient income for a family.

Financial security in regard to income is essential for women to even consider having children. Careers are not that important to women. This goes against all of the prevailing stereotypes. The number of years spent in part-time work had a strong impact. A year of part-time employment reduced the probability of having a baby by 35 years by 8 per cent. Five years in such work increased the rate to more than a third.

Another myth is that university graduates go straight into full-time employment. Over 60 per cent of these began working in a job with reduced hours. Therefore, high and low-skilled women suffered the same job market problem.

All economies are moving to less-secure employment to reduce production costs. This means that as the decades go by the world population will fall, confounding all predictions. Furthermore, the population in most countries will have a larger proportion of elderly people. Some of these will have to work to survive. Providing old age pensions will become too costly.

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Economics by Ty Buchanan

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Pensioners Will Be Denied Income

Pensioners have gray hair. They are also entering a gray area, politically, socially and economically. Most people reaching pension age have never paid superannuation and others have only been paying it for a few years of their working lives. The amount saved by super is certainly not enough to live on. This group relies on the government to provide them with an income.

Calls are coming from all sides for an increase in the pension to a "livable" level. Basic costs like council rates, rents, electricity, gas, water and sewerage have gone through the roof in the last decade. There is no solid reason why this should be so. Electricity companies keep saying the old infrastructure has to be renewed. Surveys show they have actually over-spent, pushing the cost onto consumers.

Giving those who could afford solar power a massive discount for feeding electricity back into the grid is appalling political decision making. Pensioners could not afford solar. They are subsidizing the wealthy.

We are entering a tough period for older Australians. As time passes retiring workers will have full superannuation cover. What happens about those already on the government pension? When Paul Keating introduced compulsory superannuation it was with the intention of phasing out state funded pensions. Both sides of politics are pushing toward this. They are not planning to increase the pension by the needed $4,000 a year.

In the past the wandering tramp was common and this wasn't only during the depression. Nearly all of these were elderly. They could not afford to put a roof over their heads. Within a decade, such a social class will return. This time though they will join the homeless young who exist on unemployment benefit that it much lower than the pension.

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Society by Ty Buchanan