Showing posts with label elephants. Show all posts
Showing posts with label elephants. Show all posts

Woolly Mammoth Died Due to Mutations

When a warmer climate spread across the globe, the woolly beasts were in deep trouble.  Melting snow together with predation by humans made the animals extinct.  Their numbers dwindled to zero in 6,000 years.  A strange thing happened during this time.  The species tried to adapt and threw up countless mutations.  Most were destructive. | ▶ optimum not news. | mutations killed animals ◀ |
Extinction of woolly mammoth
The long dark coat, so good as insulation from the cold, became like satin and light could shine through it.  They got severe irritable bowel syndrome because they loss their sense of smell.    It stopped them from mating because of protein changes in the creature's urine.  | ▶ | australian| mutations ◀ |    

These changes are now known from two specimens in Siberia.  One on the mainland and another on a rock in the ocean.  It was the slightly later Wrangel Island specimen that had an over representation of genetic mutations. Those who want to save threatened species must now be careful. Inbreeding could bring about the mass genetic alterations and that kills off endangered animals. | ▶ | not. | ◀        | ▶ | not | ◀ |
  ▶ Changes in their genetic makeup means mammoth no longer exists. stories and news| mammoth to died of mutations latest woolly mammoths classic nes science died stock species mammoth on scientists genes pool gene genomic dead details origin million mammoth in died in limbs eyes concept study animal wiped meltdown small comparison mammoth as died be mutations kind genome lived isolation dna nature news ancient genomes mammoth or died at mutations extinction related north dying http://adventure--australia.blogspot.com.au/2008/07/man-robs-store-with-florescent-light.html history researchers mammoth it died en mutations research mammoths migration investigation defence progress elephant ah mammoth did died oh mutations populations important natural population medical program molecules microscope disparities gender global human plant california elephants arctic fossils brink stem-cell mammals change range competition reduced translucent coats proteins urinary sequences mammoths | travel news stories | ◀ |
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CLIMATOLOGY


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There are 100 Million Unnamed Species


Biology - 100 million unnamed species exist on the planet.
We know that many species on the planet are dying out. Apparently, we have nothing to fear. Though 2 million species have been named, a massive 100 million more are out there. This does not include currently unnamed bacteria.

Using clear categories will never be an adequate way to name species. Like human gene pools that are blurred across the world it seems that animals are also on a graduated scale, looking alike while being genetically different.

Each living creature is placed in a species category because it has independent evolutionary lineage. A horse and donkey for example are different species, but they both have a common ancestor. If they do breed their offspring are infertile. There is debate about this with claims that some mules have had young. This gets into the argument about Neanderthals breeding with humans when they have a different number of chromosomes. Interbreeding should not be possible.
Brewer's Sparrow
Brewer's Sparrow
The problem with naming is that animals from two species can look virtually identical. The African elephant is a misnomer. There are actually two species: the bush elephant and the forest elephant. One is genetically distinct from the other.
Clay-colored Sparrow
Clay-colored Sparrow
Using clear categories will never be an adequate way to name species. Like human gene pools that are blurred across the world it seems that animals are also on a graduated scale, looking alike while being genetically different.
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Dogs Taking Life Easy

"I reckon we should take life real easy."
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Elephants and Mammoths Have Much the Same DNA

Elephants aren't so different from woolly mammoths. DNA samples taken from mammoth hair shows they are much alike. Furthermore, there are indications that the mammoth population was so low toward the end that inbreeding took place.

If the unique mammoth genome can be isolated it can be inserted into elephant DNA to produce a woolly mammoth. It has also been found that differentiation between mammoth was only minor, so that a disease could have easily wiped them out.

Mammoth are more closely related to elephants than chimpanzees are to humans, which is about 99 percent. Evidence shows that there were two groups of mammoth. One group died out 45,000 years ago, the other 10,000 years ago.
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Elephants Can Solve Problems

Only a few animals including humans experience the "aha" moment. That is when there is an attempt to solve a problem and a mental moment occurs when the solution is identified.

Tests were set up for elephants to retrieve food through the bars of their enclosure. Unfortunately, they didn't use poles provided to them to pull the food towards them. When elephant use their trunk to pick things up they lose their ability to smell the food, so they don't bother.

Another test was worked out which left the trunk free: food was hung up above the elephant's heads and objects to stand on were put inside their pen. A young elephant rolled a cube under the food, placed his front feet on the cube then grabbed the tasty treat. He later rolled the cube down a hill, put it under some flowering tree blossoms and promptly stood on the cube to reach the food. This shows application of a concept to different situations. When the cube was taken away he used a tire or ball to reach suspended treats.

Oddly, two females in the same pen as the test elephant did not attempt to reach the food at all. Maybe they weren't interested.

Elephants are intelligent creatures especially when doing forestry work. They know what their handlers want them to do. This test shows that they also have insight into problems and can solve issues that confront them.
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