Showing posts with label body. Show all posts
Showing posts with label body. Show all posts

Only 10 Percent of Human Genes are Researched

Much is said about advances in gene research. Unfortunately, most is just a rehash of old stuff. For a decade we have been going nowhere. Only 10 percent of human genes are studied. The other 10 percent are thrown in the too hard basket. The 90 percent determine how we look, our intelligence, health and wellbeing.

new research suggests least 75 human genome junk dna trending latest sections tech health space environment humans physics nature politics society sections tech health space environment humans physics nature politics society follow facebook twitter instagram daily email rss feed company team contact privacy policy terms conditions © sciencealert pty ltd rights reserved goashape unsplash humans research suggests least 75 human genome junk dna we're something wrong peter dockrill jul 2017 least three quarters human genome consists non-functional junk dna according study proportion likely greater watson crick discovered double helix structure dna back 950s scientists debating extent genome responsible making – evolutionary biologist answer riddle lies basic math dan graur university houston calculates functional portion human genome probably constitutes percent overall dna upper limit 25 percent rest genome.

somewhere 75 90 percent dna – what's called junk dna necessarily harmful toxic genetic matter useless garbled nucleotide sequences functional terms encoding proteins spur important chemical reactions going bodies rationale graur's model based mutations creep dna species weed mutations benefit kinds genetic variants called deleterious mutations appear genome time subtly shifting reordering four chemical bases dna – adenine cytosine guanine thymine – parts genetic code mutations place junk dna considered neutral – genetic code anything anyway – mutations occur functional defining dna harmful ultimately lethal mess instructions code healthy tissue biological processes basis better evolutionary prospects less dna functional less exposed risk mutation increased chances early death invites graur's calculations given risk deleterious mutations survival species hand.

known stability population reproduction rates throughout human history – limit functional dna otherwise dangerous mutations would keep stacking meaning we'd produce impossibly huge numbers offspring percentage healthy bubs survive assumption 00 percent functionality range deleterious mutation rates used paper maintaining constant population size would necessitate each average produce minimum 24 maximum × 53 children writes paper course nobody creationists suggesting carry zero junk dna huge 2012 study called encyclopaedia dna elements encode project claim 80 percent human dna functional study controversial – partly scientists claimed encode definition functional broad graur's term – functional dna code evolved useful terms evolutionary effects – 80 percent figure add 80 percent human genome functional each world would beget average children would die fail reproduce writes likely 25 percent junk dna graur thinks unlikely last word subject – results coincide somewhat neatly findings separate 2014 study.

focus vital scientific efforts researching smaller window uncontested functional dna functional fraction human genome order focus biomedical research parts used prevent cure disease graur sequence everything sun sequence sections functional findings reported genome biology evolution learn probing question junk dna worth penn state science daily dna mostly junk 8.2 percent human dna functional study university oxford sciencedaily ucsd study shows junk dna evolutionary importance university california san diego sciencedaily junk dna role cancer spread say scientists catharine paddock phd medical news today five human genes ana sandoiu medical news today jumping genes made human cause disease yella hewings-martin phd medical news today powered privacy policy google analytics settings consent google analytics related cookies trendmd network widget website blog learn yes taboola taboola sponsored links sponsored links promoted links promoted links gundry md diet expert tells powerwash insides gundry md undo popdust hello fresh tried hello fresh here's happened popdust hellofresh undo top australian dating sites aussie dating sites actually work top australian dating sites undo throne free online game throne mmo game throne free online game undo travel funtu.

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Human gene research
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Evolution of Homo Sapiens Resulted in Odd Niche Adaptations


Lost handwriting skills




Mankind has changed to adapt to new niches, not only with climate change but by people moving into new regions. It seems that specialist features and abilities are required to survive. However, this is not always the case. The narrow nasal structure of Caucasians is not absolutely necessary. Those of African descent live in northern Eurasia and North America. --
ones behaviour hunters innovation metascience dynamic learnability inherited intergenerational longevity demography paleo organisms cooperating specialize evolutionarily dna ecosystem community race isomorphic coevolutionary pool languages linguists psycholinguistic conformity pharmacopeia warfare neurobiological dualism mechanistic vitalism essentialism biochemistry ancestor common dominant gene–culture exaptation macromutations psychology theories culture paternal proliferation microbiology arboreality immunology hypersociality medicinal anatomy orthogenetic extinct progenitors multigeneration fertility unlinked biparental adulthood anthropogenic pigmentation colonization inuit pale disease taxonomy lifetimes -- 0 scholar cognitive human natural selection biology evolved species brain complex genes 0 ! scholar google language cognitive human theory humans intelligence science abstract press york sciences social openurl natural selection reasoning cooperation biology modern sci species pnas proc natl acad articles ability sociality cambridge brain complex evolutionary pinker mind crossref evolved psychology cognition pubmed know-how words space force gene usa traits wallace intuitive mechanisms physics behavior environment physical univ cultural search mental information communication knowledge free article mit news advantages part applied extended genes tools metaphorical history coevolution concepts variation adaptation learning speech metaphor thought eds features animals combination man long number individuals development grammar tooby similar people structures full text message email faq organisms survival burrow large turn evolve psychological matter suggest motion current abstraction e.g relationships source linguistic life rules shared scientific forced change ideas concrete culture light nature origins defenses latest sustainability animal grammatical theories forces faculties organism local objects generations childhoods main engage based authors feedback altruism cultures hominid living reciprocity position learn systems subject population process emergence design skills steven share submit emotions metaphors basic multiple major structure national academy menu editorial journal plants environmental purpose including explain explained substances power zoologically unusual weapons origin armadillo portals smoke vine lives biological good sentence benefit open unique find combinatorial complexity body support signs pressures fish group requires actions chemistry put creationism shows anthropology selected resources moral lineage possession user domains disorders fact sharing tool kind size causation related hominids role neuroscience memory organizations children authority high models indirect site institutions evidence domain jackendoff cosmides rev conceptual control colloquium gentner construction image study alerts featured topic scope special mathematics claimed lifestyle poisons ecosystem hypotheses coordinated generate wallace's deployed birth rates kinds reproduction individual exotic exercise trade range messages law hunting cooperative places habitats submission hypothesis cooperate ground knot exploit physiology greater entered extract hands exists result procedures recommend childhood permissions customs subscribe podcasts devore abilities archive classics front reviewers express groups darwin hyperdeveloped goods favors sentences ancestors exploited opportunities demands technology explanation relationship constructed causal skill include kin specific examples defined distinct philosophy additional adaptive extreme times cost food meanings yanomamö material larger parental sexuality environments idea comprise reciprocal highly apply genetics inferences bites application inference speaker syntactic sexual predicts effects enhanced single attempt forms key commodity content version cooking identified contemporary reflect extension family constructions rose object spatial universities goal review developmental mutated lisa michael methods supplement 8993-8999 pnas.0914630107 polite sense chimpanzees drive populations adapted reminding neural disorder parallel analogies interest person psychol oxford nowak contributions paper lee viking health core magnitude basis books genet architecture condition focus sign attractiveness ecological courtesy citation close board staff rights contact club subscription subscriptions access librarian log cart colloquia collected highlights policies keyword advanced codiscoverer alfred russel fully attention bicentennial reason plant degree ecology savage possesses fixed superior traps game world's puzzle paths beliefs desires complicated aspects speed stealth defend offenses arms processes account drugs raised governed foraging mating diets division develop feats apparent statistical prehistoric benefits phrases symbols intelligent gathering ancestral dog geometry foods multiplies combinations ecosystems unlimited parlayed reward genius internal prosper fruit mutation possibility entries entry negotiation form selecting limited serve feet vast suite slowly dig availability practical ears nutrients acquired learned dug entrance hole genome produce technological spot nonkin teleology sophisticated men depended political facilitated give advantage one's open-ended people's commonplace armor ape depend terms opportunity dependence tested confers diet offspring female growth question phenomena supported variables costs invent originally meat system prehensile outwit place department loyalty apes contract carnivory essence engineering productive altered wjh.harvard.edu depends require darwin's possessed impel testable prepositions estimate pair bipedality sources impossible generalized acquiring wrote need techniques profound convey spiritualism means proposed discovery consequence increase organs essences simply immaterial concentrated respect hierarchical organism's causing factor elements answer coin sequence kinship applications transmission shift call distribution structured approximate extinction computer invokes discoveries explains shown discovered phonological data agency paradox profit carried capacity years affect socially agricultural connect trait humans’ meaning context semantic info pdf concept listener impairment personality functional organ collection similarly amounts apparatus agreements units modeling auditory mode lead chagnon multiply decisions chemical universal case lifespans skin life-history obvious live capable inherent kaplan longer corporations governments folk confer readily capture owner coevolved conveys scenarios consists extraordinary state children's exchange required memorized care spontaneous listen affective historical notions move remind cutting futile line particulars set impetus participate realm extend declines co-opted analogical owned record variable logical thinking sam properties footprints parasite detect assembled symbolic treat puzzling foxp2 section suggests naturally successful reassign unprecedented ways aspm mindset selective designed evaluating lakoff talmy mail show contribute conservation recall endeavors specificity strategic eden feature norton harcourt brace experience universals conflict carey small-scale societies work american devices fiske spelke princeton sackler conclusion miller vargha-khadem hum behav nas footnotes references web boyd creating chicago acquisition ortony 2nd trends smart advances determinant goldin-meadow interface rogers john scopus making request oases proceedings doi wearable mendeley qnas infection pixabay pest issue address separate send page endnote manager tagged cookies! + tie evolution say homo he sapiens let resulted gov by sub odd of niche on adaptations up + $ aye evolution stay homo was sapiens hi resulted not by zap odd pad niche at adaptations me $ % of evolution run homo hi sapiens ho resulted ha by in odd on niche or adaptations an % ~ do evolution play homo yet sapiens to resulted as by so odd do niche up adaptations at ~ = cookies tagged manager endnote page send separate address issue pest pixabay infection qnas mendeley wearable doi proceedings oases request making scopus john rogers interface goldin-meadow determinant advances smart trends 2nd ortony acquisition chicago creating boyd web references footnotes nas behav hum vargha-khadem miller conclusion sackler princeton spelke fiske devices american work societies small-scale carey conflict universals experience brace harcourt norton feature eden strategic specificity endeavors recall conservation contribute show mail talmy lakoff evaluating designed selective mindset aspm ways unprecedented reassign successful naturally suggests section foxp2 puzzling treat symbolic assembled detect parasite footprints properties sam thinking logical variable record owned analogical co-opted declines extend realm participate impetus set particulars line futile cutting remind move notions historical affective listen spontaneous care memorized required exchange children's state extraordinary consists scenarios conveys coevolved owner capture readily confer folk governments corporations longer kaplan inherent capable live obvious life-history skin lifespans case universal chemical decisions multiply chagnon lead mode auditory modeling units agreements apparatus amounts similarly collection organ functional personality impairment listener concept pdf info semantic context meaning humans’ trait connect agricultural socially affect years capacity carried profit paradox agency data phonological discovered shown explains discoveries invokes computer extinction approximate structured distribution call shift transmission applications kinship sequence coin answer elements factor causing organism's hierarchical respect concentrated immaterial simply essences organs increase consequence discovery proposed means spiritualism convey profound techniques need wrote acquiring generalized impossible sources bipedality pair estimate prepositions testable impel possessed darwin's require depends wjh.harvard.edu altered productive engineering essence carnivory contract apes loyalty department place outwit prehensile system meat originally invent costs variables supported phenomena question run growth female offspring diet confers tested dependence opportunity terms depend ape armor commonplace people's open-ended one's advantage give facilitated political depended men sophisticated teleology nonkin spot technological produce genome hole entrance dug learned acquired nutrients ears practical availability dig slowly suite vast feet serve limited selecting form negotiation entry entries possibility mutation fruit prosper internal genius reward parlayed unlimited ecosystems combinations multiplies foods geometry dog ancestral gathering intelligent symbols phrases benefits prehistoric statistical apparent feats develop division diets mating foraging governed raised drugs account processes arms offenses defend stealth speed aspects complicated desires beliefs paths puzzle world's game traps superior fixed possesses savage ecology degree plant reason bicentennial attention fully russel alfred codiscoverer advanced keyword policies highlights collected colloquia home cart log librarian access subscriptions subscription club contact rights staff board close citation courtesy ecological attractiveness sign focus condition architecture genet books basis magnitude core health viking lee research paper contributions nowak oxford psychol person interest analogies parallel disorder neural reminding adapted populations drive chimpanzees sense polite pnas.0914630107 8993-8999 supplement methods michael lisa mutated developmental review goal universities spatial object rose constructions family extension reflect contemporary identified cooking version content commodity key forms attempt single enhanced effects predicts sexual syntactic speaker inference application bites inferences genetics apply highly reciprocal government comprise idea environments sexuality parental larger material yanomamö meanings food cost times extreme adaptive additional philosophy distinct defined examples specific kin include skill causal constructed relationship explanation technology demands opportunities exploited ancestors sentences favors goods hyperdeveloped darwin groups express reviewers front classics archive abilities devore podcasts subscribe customs permissions childhood recommend procedures result exists hands extract entered greater physiology exploit knot ground cooperate hypothesis submission habitats places cooperative hunting law messages range trade exercise exotic individual reproduction kinds rates birth deployed wallace's generate coordinated hypotheses ecosystem poisons lifestyle claimed mathematics special scope topic featured alerts study image construction gentner colloquium control conceptual rev cosmides jackendoff domain evidence institutions site indirect models high authority children organizations memory neuroscience role hominids related causation size kind tool sharing fact disorders domains user possession lineage moral resources selected anthropology shows creationism put chemistry actions requires group fish pressures signs support body complexity combinatorial find unique open benefit sentence good biological lives vine smoke portals armadillo origin weapons unusual zoologically power substances explained explain including purpose environmental plants journal editorial menu academy national structure major multiple basic metaphors emotions submit share steven skills design emergence process population subject systems learn position reciprocity living hominid cultures altruism feedback authors based engage main childhoods generations objects local organism faculties forces theories grammatical animal sustainability latest defenses origins nature light culture concrete ideas change forced scientific shared rules life linguistic source relationships e.g abstraction current motion suggest investment matter psychological evolve turn large burrow survival organisms faq email message text full structures people similar tooby grammar development individuals number long man combination animals author features eds thought metaphor speech learning adaptation variation concepts coevolution history metaphorical tools genes extended applied part advantages news mit article free knowledge communication information mental search cultural univ physical time environment behavior physics mechanisms intuitive wallace traits usa gene force space words know-how pubmed cognition psychology evolved crossref mind pinker evolutionary complex brain cambridge sociality ability articles acad natl proc pnas species sci modern biology cooperation reasoning natural openurl social sciences york press abstract science selection intelligence humans theory human cognitive language google scholar = || developmental, evolving, flora, ecosystem, trees, plants, fauna, skeleton, fossil, body, , |
African and European evolutionary traits

Human Rib Eaten by Deer

Plants destroyed in australia
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Human rib-bones consumed by ungulate - never seen before bodies incident porcupine omaha sign academia follow flesh eating privacy human to rib jo eaten ax deer um picture an sartore left forensic ungulates service carnivorous fish cases wild Understand be rib ow eaten ka carcass oh spotted zoo society share study doorly copyright ark twitter policy north human ah rib mm deer ar carcass eh published lauren decompose scavengers american time ocean courtesy human ho rib qi eaten if photograph corpse remains watch artboard week porcupines chevron-up human ha aquarium chewing animal including research stories images delaney human oh rib xi eaten mu deer ma picture oh brazilian researchers henry joel view chambers photo chew work human by rib two ox eaten ki deer op picture carcass a up decompose zoo photograph remains corpse chewing research photo wild |  |
Deer eats meat


Patients and Doctors are Addicted to Antibiotics

| Patients as well as medical people give in to common antibody killing medications patients texts to doctors ask jo addicted pe ax antibiotics the um medication incentives reimbursements treat disorders making content community report pill worse Understand be doctors ho ow addicted a ex Creativity ka prescribe shoot american bipolar long feel anna occurred overuse policy bacterial develop patients i ah doctors hi za Articulate mm antibiotics fe companies drug-resistant cholesterol procedures benefit average reviews effective healthline patients a ho doctors is qi addicted i hm Publishing fa acute author lead officer consumer high billion copd countries checker sign latest decrease patients e ha Understand xu Commercial my Literature of practices neil read good fall google insurance tools takes million types change patients o oh doctors on xi addicted e mu antibiotics ma medication osteoarthritis public newsletter states cure care infections part deficit government flu patients u by doctors to ox addicted 0 ki antibiotics op medication minutes disease face annually section cddep next write culture ramanan colds kinds subscribe wellness prescribed physicians health important meeker incentive resistance low-cost healthcare information type psoriasis year online human receive certified ability don association researchers adults control daniella dynamics crohn news sumanth reimbursement finance person economic writer rates specialist chronic inappropriate ibs policies spread bodymaps simple find menopause increased journalism a-z topics staff natural close harvard ipf impending continue stewardship deadly infection cre tied hospital-acqui symptoms fda small state cic months focusing changing stds body chief family minute told unnecessary lost pregnancy study sick costs prescription series march viral system national pharmaceutical lack data reflux cold economics medicare identifier share advertisement infectious krans rheumatoid rise legislation fibromyalgia corporation multiple occur newsletters skin need create intervention lose work drives current rand consumers demand hiv symptom estimated published faith antibiotic-res julien adhd prescribing time diabetes hospitalized cared exchanges heart pennsylvania associate journal decreased evolution pediatrics reduction privacy potential colleagues reason pain financial brian act large percent director fishman clinical disorder dementia depression costly laxminarayan epidemic arthritis won treatment mistakes experts named bacteria easily email doctor patient slow waned respiratory drugs children medicine sclerosis attention featured related scalable hospital heal shows great believes tract linked money conditions covered cdc mrsa outpatient trials story stronger alzheimer u.s gandra bronchitis posted prescriptions experiences urgent-care catheters reduce feedback common center cancer acid life hospitals quote hypertension impact allergies pressure urinary catastrophe slowly university |  |
GP and patient

Undrinkable Water in Lakes

▶ Inland storage of fresh water is being polluted undrinkable pollution supreme not personal power american phone mp3 option sudden election continent undrinkable supremacy brown highlights statement fuller elite telegraph battle across undrinkable on water it official referendum did draw title somersault stronger food campaign formal household parliamentary attenborough tack service courts train high common undrinkable if water on lakes ultimate everyone edition inevitably richard top legal sheer approval it vote undrinkable at water to lakes monitors clear remainers publication sovereignty may support court am parties of on lakes parliament niceties excellent policy particular john gravy constitutional propriety was party brazenness confident does breathtaking undrinkable gain | news stories |◀ pollution|
Fresh drinking water comes mainly from rivers, lakes and reservoirs. a person who studies these is a limnologist. Lakes are ecosystems which can serve as sentinels of climate change. Global and warming and pollution damages the natural balance.  | ▶ not .
|◀ 
Eutrophication in a lake
Water in "still", large bodies can become unfit for drinking purposes through a process called climatic eutrophication. It can get so bad that fish cannot survive there.  People cannot drink such water.  It is toxic.  | ▶ |australian| ▶ |    

Humans are to blame because eutrophication is when nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers is washed into lakes. Sewerage treatment plants add to the problem. Others factors are air pollutants, fuel products and general erosion. | ▶ | not.| ▶  

These nutrients feed algae which float to the bottom when they die. Decomposition absorbs oxygen causing dead zones in waters. No life can live in hypoxic layers. Warming surface water stops the strata from being mixed in winter and autumn. Thus, the body of water remains lifeless. | ▶ | not◀ |
◆ Chemistry 
Tys Outback
 
 
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DO NOT CONSUME
| ▶ eutrophication lakes undrinkable | before whiz once who nothing pushed everybody whose rather Each while such others even if eek arg eureka origin whomever goodness gee whichever we much neither lest whenever she unless in theirs provided all land whom her none drains this supposing fiddlesticks myself good aha mine somebody how soon whomever few hour anyone aw not yours although something another it us anybody ahem bam though goodbye whichever why dang because more him wherever currency each now you whoever. an whereas he as any who drat bravo another society nobody brrr both several which man these congratulations ahh runoff many chemicals farms gadzooks alas bingo itself herself most whatever after one them when himself grief ahoy other where since that blah enough those money. yourself me no some either Anything them cheers golly I encore someone ourselves lie whom ours until what little till eh hers they inasmuch darn one themselves his long gosh everyone boo than | wrong pollution ◀ |photos articles undrinkable global warming| drink |

Build Up Muscle if You are Scrawny

If you want a strong athletic body take steroids and growth hormones. It is understandable that people do this. The problem is that individual athletic types are born with a genetic predilection to produce high levels of natural growth substances. Those who deem themselves to be unlucky in this department obviously feel miffed.
Body builder muscle
No need to look at the legs they don't change much!build
Intensive exercising does produce muscle mass, largely because tissue builds up and becomes thicker with more daily work. What is not widely known is that it takes little more than six weeks for a body builder to become average again if he stops exercising completely.

If you are naturally "scrawny" exercise will still bulk your body up. There is a cost though and that is time and pain. I
ntensive exercise is painful, certainly more so than sitting in a lounge chair in front of the TV.

Apart from the initial surge in weight loss due to diminishing stores of fat and narrowing of the waist, gaining muscle take much longer than it takes to loose it. If you can afford it get a personal trainer. Otherwise you are on your own and conflicting advice on the Internet will lead you down the garden path.
Genetics by Ty Buchanan
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Body Rhythms are Set by Color as well as light

Light affects us in many ways. Nordic countries have light treatment for citizens who suffer from a depressive outlook due to lack of sunshine during winter. Their circadian rhythms are disrupted. Recently evidence points to the fact that color is important as well.
Dawn image picture
A study on mice indicates that color signals reaching the eyes are "stored" in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. It was thought only sunlight was responsible for setting the body clock. This has been brought into question, however. The research controlled the brightness of artificial sky and also added color blended into the level of brightness.

With only dawn sunlight in the test room mice seemed confused and their body temperatures lagged behind the norm by 30 minutes. When orange and blue was added to the dawn light the mice were perfectly normal in behavior and temperature.

It seems the light/color information is stored in suprachiasmic neurons in a special way. Biopsies show a time lag in the firing of these neurons which ties into low body temperatures. Mammals have evolved in tune with this planet. The animal to Earth "bonding" seems to be very close indeed.
Biology by Ty Buchanan
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New System to Watch Workers

Spying is everywhere these days and researchers with employer backing are studying the way employees move during work tasks. They don't seem to care what effect this has on a workers mental state, considering you will have a contraption fitted that will go into the bathroom with you.

The DorsaVi company based in Melbourne has developed a monitoring system called ViSafe. It attaches to the body by means of sticky pads that measures muscle impulses and body motion. Critically, it measures the speed at which one is moving. This will help to make the employee move faster by explaining that he/she does not move fast enough during work hours - hands up for running on the spot!

Data are examined by the subject, researcher, workplace assessor, oh and another employee who is there to make up the numbers. Just where workplace assessor gets his skills and expertise from is a mystery. Like those wonderful abstract tests they give to job applicants that are never tested in real life situations - indeed, which are irrelevant to real life and measure, well, nothing actually.

It is okay to use such technology on sports people, but in the workplace they can cause a build up of stress in employees that employers with there great intelligence cannot seem to understand. This is mainly because employers can please themselves about what they do during the day and workers cannot. Employees are trapped in a prison of compulsory work tasks. "ViSafe can tell you in a quantifiable way how far a worker can bend over." That will prove useful.
Technology by Ty Buchanan

The Wrong Missing Body Found by Psychic

Mediums can be right - some of the time. An Aboriginal female elder in NSW told police she saw a girl dead in a dream. A six year old girl had been missing. The problem was the body found by police was of an adult, a woman. She had been dismembered wrapped in plastic and left at an Aboriginal burial site.

A Sydney woman was last seen in June. Post-mortem tests will probably confirm that the body was missing 31 year old Kristi Mc Dougall. The Aboriginal woman strongly believes that she has psychic talents.  It is odd that the Aboriginal knew about a murdered adult before police suspected it.

The odds of finding bones of dead people in an Aboriginal burial site are extremely high. Though having a premonition that a recently dead person are there is not strong. The seer has helped police with their enquiries, but not in the way she had "imagined".
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Society
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Your Body Runs Without You

The human body runs on its own. Think of the times your mind is working on a problem and during the evaluation process your body is continuing with daily routine tasks. It happens every day. You reach a conscious conclusion on a problem and then wonder have I had a cup of coffee? Oh yes, you have - you can still taste it.

The body can you give you unwanted pain as well.  Your body can do things totally out of your control that really "bug" you, like teeth that hurt, hiccups, stitch, pins and needles or cramp.

Some get a headache or painful teeth when they eat or drink something cold. This is due to sensitive nerve endings in teeth. You can use special toothpaste that takes months before it becomes effective. In the mean time stay away from cold things.

Hiccups is caused by eating and drinking too fast, or taking in air. It can also be caused by becoming suddenly nervous. The only real known cure it to take beta blockers. Though you have to wait until the medication takes effect.

A stitch occurs during exercise when your body tries to tell you that is enough. Stopping the strenuous activity will "cure" the malady.

Pins and needles happens when the blood supply to nerve endings in the limbs is constricted. Get up and move around then normal feeling will return to the "dead" limb.

The cause of cramp is unknown. Dehydration and being unfit are not factors - well hydrated supremely fit sports people get afflicted with it. Spasmodic constricting muscles hurt. The only thing you can do is wait for them to settle down - perhaps more beta blockers.

Your body is a complex machine. Look after it. Service it well. The model you have has its own quirks. Just learn to live with them.
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Health
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Imaging More Advanced Than MRI

The MRI was the most advanced way of diagnosing what patients were suffering from. It was cutting edge technology that gave very detailed images of the human body. Technology moves forward and advances are made.

Macquarie University with CSIC and the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) have found a way of producing images even clearer than MRI. It is done by using artificial atoms and nitrogen doped diamond nanoparticles. Extremely weak magnetic fields in the human body can now be detected. MRI resolution is millimetric. The new system "sees" down to a millionth of a millimeter.

This technique is not invasive. It will provide an understanding of intracellular processes. The problem with the new diagnostic system is that very temperatures are required to make it work. Artificial atoms are encapsulated in a diamond crystal. They can be manipulated by lasers, dragging atoms above the surface for medical diagnosis.
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Health
TwitThis
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No Scales on a Crocodile's Head

Contrary to popular belief crocodiles don't have scales on their heads. They are just cracks in the thick skin on their skulls. The rest of the body does have scales. How the animal develops biologically is interesting. Each scale forms from a discrete scale primordium. For example, scales at similar points each side of the body are identical.

The deep lines on the head are unique to each crocodile, like a fingerprint. Indeed, the lines are not symmetrical. Now it is possible to identify young crocodiles without tagging, to follow their growth.

Having no primordia on a crocodile's head is functional. Mounds of skin build up and form an active memrocobrane. Receptors detect fine vibrations in water. This helps in hunting.

It has been hypothesised that fingerprints form in the same way as the "cracks" on the heads of crocodiles. This unregulated gene formation building on earlier skin development is probably the reason why identical twins have different fingerprints. The final shape of all creatures was believed to be totally preprogrammed by genes.
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Genetics
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Tree Grows Inside a Man

A man had severe pains in his chest and began coughing up blood. Doctor Vladimir Kamashev x-rayed the man's chest and had a big shock. He had to call his assistant for a second opinion. The assistant confirmed the doctor's diagnosis. The man had a fir tree growing inside him.

Fungus can grow inside a human body but it was not believed that plants could take root and grow there. Surgeons removed a young five-centimeter fir tree from the man's chest. Needles from the plant dug into the capillaries and caused bleeding. The man consequently coughed up blood.

Obviously a small "cutting" from a fir tree was inhaled. It found sustenance inside body tissue. What is surprising is that a biopsy of the plant showed the fir needles to be green, so the tree somehow got enough sunlight to survive. Parts of the plant have been preserved for further study.
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Society

Evolution is Faster in the Tropics

It seems that with climate change we will lose some species but gain new ones - or have new "changed" species. Some species living at high altitudes have been changing as mountain tops become warmer with climate change. It was believed that accelerated evolution only occurs in cold regions, but it has been discovered that it also happens in the tropics.

While it has been accepted for a long time that plants and marine protists evolve faster, the process has only recently been recognized in mammals. What is unusual is that mammals are not directly affected by a warming climate because they naturally maintain a steady body heat.

It is now believed that evolution in the tropics is even faster that in temperate regions. There is a greater diversity of species in the tropics. This faster evolution and more species means that adaptation to changing conditions is rapid. The faster evolution actually makes for many more types of animals.

There must be something else, however, that is driving change in mammals than just a warming climate. Genes were studied from closely related mammals at both high and low altitudes. It was found that DNA substitution was much faster at low, warm latitudes. There are two theories on why this is happening: 1) mammals act in sympathy with other animals; and 2) mammals slow down and become torpid in a colder climate.

Personally, neither of these two theories seem realistic. Why should mammals act in Sympathy? Moreover, mammals in cold climates actually appear to be more active.
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Science

Fungal Infections Kill Many People

Fungal infection is the most difficult thing to treat.  Taking medication and applying ointment may seem to solve the problem - for a while.  Unfortunately, the skin may appear to be free of infection but it is still there and will reappear.

It is not commonly known that deaths from fungal infection are higher than all the deaths from malaria and tuberculosis.  Treatment for other ailments can involve immunossuppressive medication.  This allows fungal infections to run wild. 

You would think there is enough demand and money for pharmaceutical companies to develop better anti-fungal drugs.  However, sufferers do not know how deadly the "disease" can be, so they are not prepared to pay a high price for new treatments.  This is despite the fact that fungal infection can appear in any part of the body.

Unfortunately, the World Health Organization shows little interest in the problem.  Doctors also tend to brush aside fungal infections when examining patients.  If asked, doctors say it is common and people live with it without treatment.  This is a great mistake.  It should be treated when first seen in order to stop it becoming well established, because long term fungal infection is difficult to treat.
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Health