Showing posts with label skeleton. Show all posts
Showing posts with label skeleton. Show all posts

Evolution of Homo Sapiens Resulted in Odd Niche Adaptations


Lost handwriting skills




Mankind has changed to adapt to new niches, not only with climate change but by people moving into new regions. It seems that specialist features and abilities are required to survive. However, this is not always the case. The narrow nasal structure of Caucasians is not absolutely necessary. Those of African descent live in northern Eurasia and North America. --
ones behaviour hunters innovation metascience dynamic learnability inherited intergenerational longevity demography paleo organisms cooperating specialize evolutionarily dna ecosystem community race isomorphic coevolutionary pool languages linguists psycholinguistic conformity pharmacopeia warfare neurobiological dualism mechanistic vitalism essentialism biochemistry ancestor common dominant gene–culture exaptation macromutations psychology theories culture paternal proliferation microbiology arboreality immunology hypersociality medicinal anatomy orthogenetic extinct progenitors multigeneration fertility unlinked biparental adulthood anthropogenic pigmentation colonization inuit pale disease taxonomy lifetimes -- 0 scholar cognitive human natural selection biology evolved species brain complex genes 0 ! scholar google language cognitive human theory humans intelligence science abstract press york sciences social openurl natural selection reasoning cooperation biology modern sci species pnas proc natl acad articles ability sociality cambridge brain complex evolutionary pinker mind crossref evolved psychology cognition pubmed know-how words space force gene usa traits wallace intuitive mechanisms physics behavior environment physical univ cultural search mental information communication knowledge free article mit news advantages part applied extended genes tools metaphorical history coevolution concepts variation adaptation learning speech metaphor thought eds features animals combination man long number individuals development grammar tooby similar people structures full text message email faq organisms survival burrow large turn evolve psychological matter suggest motion current abstraction e.g relationships source linguistic life rules shared scientific forced change ideas concrete culture light nature origins defenses latest sustainability animal grammatical theories forces faculties organism local objects generations childhoods main engage based authors feedback altruism cultures hominid living reciprocity position learn systems subject population process emergence design skills steven share submit emotions metaphors basic multiple major structure national academy menu editorial journal plants environmental purpose including explain explained substances power zoologically unusual weapons origin armadillo portals smoke vine lives biological good sentence benefit open unique find combinatorial complexity body support signs pressures fish group requires actions chemistry put creationism shows anthropology selected resources moral lineage possession user domains disorders fact sharing tool kind size causation related hominids role neuroscience memory organizations children authority high models indirect site institutions evidence domain jackendoff cosmides rev conceptual control colloquium gentner construction image study alerts featured topic scope special mathematics claimed lifestyle poisons ecosystem hypotheses coordinated generate wallace's deployed birth rates kinds reproduction individual exotic exercise trade range messages law hunting cooperative places habitats submission hypothesis cooperate ground knot exploit physiology greater entered extract hands exists result procedures recommend childhood permissions customs subscribe podcasts devore abilities archive classics front reviewers express groups darwin hyperdeveloped goods favors sentences ancestors exploited opportunities demands technology explanation relationship constructed causal skill include kin specific examples defined distinct philosophy additional adaptive extreme times cost food meanings yanomamö material larger parental sexuality environments idea comprise reciprocal highly apply genetics inferences bites application inference speaker syntactic sexual predicts effects enhanced single attempt forms key commodity content version cooking identified contemporary reflect extension family constructions rose object spatial universities goal review 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prosper fruit mutation possibility entries entry negotiation form selecting limited serve feet vast suite slowly dig availability practical ears nutrients acquired learned dug entrance hole genome produce technological spot nonkin teleology sophisticated men depended political facilitated give advantage one's open-ended people's commonplace armor ape depend terms opportunity dependence tested confers diet offspring female growth question phenomena supported variables costs invent originally meat system prehensile outwit place department loyalty apes contract carnivory essence engineering productive altered wjh.harvard.edu depends require darwin's possessed impel testable prepositions estimate pair bipedality sources impossible generalized acquiring wrote need techniques profound convey spiritualism means proposed discovery consequence increase organs essences simply immaterial concentrated respect hierarchical organism's causing factor elements answer coin sequence kinship applications transmission shift call distribution structured approximate extinction computer invokes discoveries explains shown discovered phonological data agency paradox profit carried capacity years affect socially agricultural connect trait humans’ meaning context semantic info pdf concept listener impairment personality functional organ collection similarly amounts apparatus agreements units modeling auditory mode lead chagnon multiply decisions chemical universal case lifespans skin life-history obvious live capable inherent kaplan longer corporations governments folk confer readily capture owner coevolved conveys scenarios consists extraordinary state children's exchange required memorized care spontaneous listen affective historical notions move remind cutting futile line particulars set impetus participate realm extend declines co-opted analogical owned record variable logical thinking sam properties footprints parasite detect assembled symbolic treat puzzling foxp2 section suggests 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prepositions testable impel possessed darwin's require depends wjh.harvard.edu altered productive engineering essence carnivory contract apes loyalty department place outwit prehensile system meat originally invent costs variables supported phenomena question run growth female offspring diet confers tested dependence opportunity terms depend ape armor commonplace people's open-ended one's advantage give facilitated political depended men sophisticated teleology nonkin spot technological produce genome hole entrance dug learned acquired nutrients ears practical availability dig slowly suite vast feet serve limited selecting form negotiation entry entries possibility mutation fruit prosper internal genius reward parlayed unlimited ecosystems combinations multiplies foods geometry dog ancestral gathering intelligent symbols phrases benefits prehistoric statistical apparent feats develop division diets mating foraging governed raised drugs account processes arms offenses defend stealth speed aspects complicated desires beliefs paths puzzle world's game traps superior fixed possesses savage ecology degree plant reason bicentennial attention fully russel alfred codiscoverer advanced keyword policies highlights collected colloquia home cart log librarian access subscriptions subscription club contact rights staff board close citation courtesy ecological attractiveness sign focus condition architecture genet books basis magnitude core health viking lee research paper contributions nowak oxford psychol person interest analogies parallel disorder neural reminding adapted populations drive chimpanzees sense polite pnas.0914630107 8993-8999 supplement methods michael lisa mutated developmental review goal universities spatial object rose constructions family extension reflect contemporary identified cooking version content commodity key forms attempt single enhanced effects predicts sexual syntactic speaker inference application bites inferences genetics apply highly reciprocal government comprise idea environments sexuality parental larger material yanomamö meanings food cost times extreme adaptive additional philosophy distinct defined examples specific kin include skill causal constructed relationship explanation technology demands opportunities exploited ancestors sentences favors goods hyperdeveloped darwin groups express reviewers front classics archive abilities devore podcasts subscribe customs permissions childhood recommend procedures result exists hands extract entered greater physiology exploit knot ground cooperate hypothesis submission habitats places cooperative hunting law messages range trade exercise exotic individual reproduction kinds rates birth deployed wallace's generate coordinated hypotheses ecosystem poisons lifestyle claimed mathematics special scope topic featured alerts study image construction gentner colloquium control conceptual rev cosmides jackendoff domain evidence institutions site indirect models high authority children organizations memory neuroscience role hominids related causation size kind tool sharing fact disorders domains user possession lineage moral resources selected anthropology shows creationism put chemistry actions requires group fish pressures signs support body complexity combinatorial find unique open benefit sentence good biological lives vine smoke portals armadillo origin weapons unusual zoologically power substances explained explain including purpose environmental plants journal editorial menu academy national structure major multiple basic metaphors emotions submit share steven skills design emergence process population subject systems learn position reciprocity living hominid cultures altruism feedback authors based engage main childhoods generations objects local organism faculties forces theories grammatical animal sustainability latest defenses origins nature light culture concrete ideas change forced scientific shared rules life linguistic source relationships e.g abstraction current motion suggest investment matter psychological evolve turn large burrow survival organisms faq email message text full structures people similar tooby grammar development individuals number long man combination animals author features eds thought metaphor speech learning adaptation variation concepts coevolution history metaphorical tools genes extended applied part advantages news mit article free knowledge communication information mental search cultural univ physical time environment behavior physics mechanisms intuitive wallace traits usa gene force space words know-how pubmed cognition psychology evolved crossref mind pinker evolutionary complex brain cambridge sociality ability articles acad natl proc pnas species sci modern biology cooperation reasoning natural openurl social sciences york press abstract science selection intelligence humans theory human cognitive language google scholar = || developmental, evolving, flora, ecosystem, trees, plants, fauna, 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African and European evolutionary traits

Human Rib Eaten by Deer

Plants destroyed in australia
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Deer eats meat


Dog Makes Grade as Archeology Digger

Archeology: dog finds jawbone with teeth under Tasmanian home.
A Tasmanian gentleman doing renovations to the foundations of his home has discovered a jawbone which has some white teeth still embedded therein. His dog actually located it and dug it up. Other pieces of the skull were then found by the man.
Jawbone found under Tasmanian house
Forensic police took the "evidence" away. This find is not surprising as the house is built on top of a one hundred year old graveyard. The graveyard was supposed to be completely cleaned out before development but some skeletons were left behind.

Archeology students have flocked to the site to get some hands-on experience. The owner of the house, his daughter and dog will have to get the kettle on for all the new visitors.  Maybe they can make a buck from making and selling sandwiches.
 Archeology by Ty Buchanan 
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Agriculture Was Brought into Western Europe by Southern European Males

Learning has not been linear for human beings. Advancement can be different from one place to another. It is now known from DNA analysis of 5,000 year old skeletons in a French cave that women did not travel into western Europe. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down only from the mother which shows that European women had local ancestry. On the other hand the Y chromosome passed down through males shows movement of males into new European regions. Knowledge of farming came into new areas when the males moved in and mated with local females.

Analysis of DNA from 29 skeletons found in France, highlighted this difference between the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome. Males had moved from the Mediterranean to western Europe. Most of the males in the 29 skeleton group were related, so when the males arrived they stayed on the land with their new hunter gatherer wives.

The southern males had a problem: they did not have the lactose tolerant gene of central Europeans. They had to drink fermented milk from sheep and goats. Adult central European males could easily digest milk from cows.

More work is being done to further clarify how and when agriculture spread across Europe.
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History

New Kind Human Found Which Challeges Darwinian Theory

A new find of human remains challenges Darwinian theory. Science was absolutely certain that for the past 80,000 or so years only humans and Neanderthals wandered the earth. First the "hobbit" on the island of Flores was found which showed that other hominids lived almost to the present time in remote parts of the world. Now a new human species has come to light in Mongolia. The DNA from a child's finger indicates a separate species. Denisova is the name given to the new humans after the region where it was found.

For many years it was believed animals with a different number of chromosomes could not interbreed. This premise is now brought into question. Neanderthal DNA has been identified in human DNA. This finding makes the discovery of our origins almost impossible. With no clear distinction between species how do you put them into categories?

Denisova and humans diverted from a common ancestor about a million years ago. Neanderthals and humans separated from their ancestor half a million years ago. If interbreeding was commonplace Man's history will be blurred. The offspring of parents from two types of hominids will carry traits from both variations. Finding remains of distinct species will be more difficult. For the most part, however, bones and fossils of different hominids are being found. Perhaps cross breeding was not the norm.
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Australpithecus sediba Is Not an Ancestor of Man

The Announcement that skeletons found in South Africa belong to a new species is premature.They were found in a cave near Johannesburg. The "new species" was named Australopithecus sediba. It was claimed to be the "rosetta stone" into the past. They were also the most complete skeletons ever discovered. The creatures walked upright, had long arms and powerful hands. Unfortunately, they were small brained.

Paleoanthropologists not involved in the find say the name chosen is just a "wastebasket" category. They are not ancestors of Man. Furthermore, some animals in the species could have had larger or smaller brains. It could still be transitional in evolution to Man, but very distant.

It may fit into Homo. Perhaps it is a sister species to Homo habilis. The brain size of Australopithecus sediba is the same as Homo floresiensis, the Hobbit, of Indonesia. The features in sediba are similar to those in other Homo species. Paleoanthropologists put very early finds in Homo. Sediba is not so unique as to have a lineage of its own. Indeed, Australopithecus africanus is older than sediba and africanus does have unique lineage. Sediba is too primitive to be a direct ancestor of Man. Older Homo species have features more like Man that sediba.
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The Hobbit a Small Human on Flores Is Proven

Many people have written off the "hobbit" find as being just a joke, a sad hoax played on society. However, finding tiny "humans" is, apparently, real. Most scientists have accepted it though some still scoff at the whole issue without looking into it.

In 2004 archaeologists in Indonesia found skeletons, not fossils, skeletons of small human-like creatures who lived on the island of Flores as recently as 18,000 years ago. While humans spread around the world, these small "humans" carried on hunting pygmy elephants and other local species in isolation. Flint flakes found in million year old volcanic sediment show hobbit activity there a very long time ago.

The question is - When did the early humans leave Africa? Considering Man left the continent no more than 100,000 years ago why did other excursions of early man end in extinction? At least one group survived long enough to enlighten us about the numerous times humans left Africa. Evidence from bone structure shows that the hobbit descended from an earlier type of human than the small-brained Homo erectus which left two million years ago.

Spending time considering how hobbit came to be on Flores is quite irrelevant. Whether they went by boat, raft or just walked when a land bridge appeared, they got there and thrived.
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