Life Began on Earth 4.1 Billion Years Ago

Life began on Earth earlier than thought.  There is evidence of life 3.8 billion years ago.  This is only 0.7 billion short of the total life of the planet. A new study has pushed the origins of life back another 300 million years.
microscopic carbon flecks in zirconium push life back on earth 4.1 billion years
It seems life began as soon the chaotic period of Earth's formation had settled down. Flecks of graphite were trapped in the crystal zircon.  This microscopic carbon mineral is among the zirconium, oxygen and silicon which is the main structure of the crystal.

While trapped graphite is not full evidence of life, carbon is classed as biogenetic - life needs it to begin.  It is believed that the graphite was originally organic before being absorbed by zirconium.  Apparently, Earth calmed down very quickly after formation. Estimates now puts the origin of life on Earth at 4.1 billion years.
◆ Biology Ty Buchanan ◆
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LIFE ON  EARTH

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Windy Koala

Koala fart
"That's better.  I just let one go!"
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OH, STINKY ME!
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Malcolm Turnbull is Big Bad Wolf - Watch Out Goldilocks!

When you get chosen as Prime Minister the first rule is... look after yourself and your mates. For some odd reason the "group of independent deciders supported the Coalition's policy of exempting Australia's wealthiest people from disclosure requirements on a new tax system taking effect in December. Mind you, the ordinary Jack and Jill will have to disclose their data.
Straighen those crooked glasses Malcolm Turnbull
It seems Malcolm Turnbull is not just a pretty face: he is a crafty sod as well! Let's all head for the Cayman Islands. If its good enough for our PM, it is certainly good enough for the rest of us dinkum Aussies. Kerry Packer the famous now deceased billionaire once said that "it is every Australian citizen's duty to avoid paying tax: I have lived in Australia and elsewhere all my life and have never paid one cent in tax". When he died the Australian Government gave him a state funeral.

Guilt is not for the wealth it appears. For the ordinary Joe though, he must be checked and double checked on the way he goes about his life. If your tax return is $100 out you get a massive fine.

Malcolm Turnbull's speech in parliament was contradictory. He said, this country is built upon hard work." And added, "there are taxi drivers that work harder than I ever have." Thus, he has admitted that his wealth was not built upon hard work. He must have been crafty, deceitful and fleeced his employees to get rich. Yes, we know what you are about Malcolm - you may look angelic, but you are really a big bad wolf!
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WEALTHY BUSINESSMAN OR POLITICIAN - BOTH?
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Horned Squirrel

squirrel with horns
"It isn't a hat."
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SQUIRREL WEARING HORNS
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Wasps Favor Large Size for Sex

Size matters when it comes to sex. When in the orchid world it does anyway! The plants rely on wasps for fertilization. Apparently, male wasps are attracted to the largest orchids. Shape of plants also has a role.
Male wasps visit large orchids to pollinate them
Orchids are a replica of female wasps, in shape and scent. Two orchids who had two kinds of wasps enamored with them were observed. The wasps did visited both types of plants but they spent more time "copulating' with their favored orchid.

Scent is offered to male wasps on little black beads. This only attracts males to the flowers. Once there, shape and size of blooms affects whether wasps stay or go. Orchids also benefits from this because plants with larger flowers are fertilized and they produce the next generation of orchids.
◆ Chemistry by Ty Buchanan ◆
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MALE WASPS GO FOR SIZE
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Bear on Train

"I hear there is not much land left for animals."
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FARE BEAR
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NASA Announces That Life is Out There

There is something out there - so NASA says. The U.S. space body announced that life producing water exists on Mars and more information on Pluto is about to come out soon. The New Horizons spacecraft is working perfectly and data collection is continuing.
New Horizons spacecraft photographing Pluto
High resolution photographs have been taken of Pluto for some time now. They have been analyzed. Findings will interesting. It seems we are not totally alone. Life seems to be everywhere in the cosmos.

Pluto even has its own weather. The "environment" changes like here on Earth. Apparently the planet is geologically active. NASA has only downloaded 10 per cent of the data so far. Some fascinating insights will be made known on Thursday.
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 LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS SAYS NASA
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Neighborly Squirrel

"Hey George did you watch the game?"
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SQUIRREL TALKS OVER GARDEN FENCE
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Farmers Adopt Optical Measuring Devices in Pastures

Farming is becoming much more efficient. Gone are the days when growing food was at the whim of the weather. The ten day forecast and even longer weather predictions have made farming a science. Farmers are becoming more like technicians today, rather than multi-skilled laborers.
Optical measuring device placed in pastures paddock
Growers are using satellite technology. Pastures have optical devices in situ measuring soil and vegetation conditions. The information is collected and re-transmitted down to farmers who use hand held devices or PC to analyze data.

More specifically, a pasture"s cover and biomass are measured. Its overall health is ranked. Allocating suitable farm area to grazing animals and crops is made more practical. Resources are fully utilized.  Consequently, a nation's GDP is improved.
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OPTICAL DATA FROM PASTURE TO SATELLITE
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No Pizza Dog

Pizza eating dog
"Darn it, they've eaten all the pizza!"
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PIZZA - NONE LEFT!
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A Genetic Cause for Some With Gender Issues

Person with a gender issue
The reason why people feel that they were born in the wrong body in regard to being male or female is motivational. It can be genetic or cultural in nature. It is complicated. Like homosexuality there could be social reasons why this path is chosen. It could be enculturation as a child. On the other hand, individuals just have the feeling that behaving in such a way is natural for them.

Scientists have found that some people have an identification problem due to a genetic "condition". It is unfortunate that it has been called a disorder. An emotive argument is not needed. It has been given a name: craniosynostosis. The FGFR2 gene is mutated and causes sex reversal in the XY chromosomes.

About two per cent of the general population is born with a gender issue. This can have physical consequences such as endocrine complications, infertility or gonadal cancer. A baby born this way faces multiple surgeries. It should be noted, however, that people with a genetic cause for intersexuality number only 30 per cent of total "sufferers". Having an individual register with community-based support bodies is claimed to be beneficial, but this is unproven.
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GENE MUTATION CAUSES SEXUAL IDENTITY PROBLEMS
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Dog No See!

Wet dog cannot see
"Hey, don't leave me like this!"
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People are Changing Sharks

personally, I do not fear sharks nor am I protective of them. However, they should be left alone to live their lives their way. Ecotourism is restricting their freedom to roam. Any country that can do it, is doing it to bring in the tourist dollars.
Tourist swmming close to a shark
More than eight billion people a year go seeking experiences in supposedly protected areas, which are commercialized. This is like the whole population of the planet trampling over pristine environments, because that is exactly what a high number of visitors do.

Crazy tourists actually swim with sharks. Let's face it, Man is dinner to sharks. This is the rule of things. The dangerous creatures come very close to swimmers. They are becoming domesticated. Note, many dog owners have been attacked by their pet! More, complete strangers have been mauled.

Tourists are affecting the natural selection of sharks. To attract them to tourist boats they are fed. Consequently, they have a better chance of survival. The man eaters are being selected for traits like choosing to be close to people!
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 CLOSE SHARKS ARE NOT FRIENDLY
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Lost Glasses or Spectacles?

"What have you lost now - glasses or pencil?"
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Animal Biodiversity is the Highest Ever

Despite extinctions the number of animal types in the world is at an all-time high. This is due to a proliferation over the last 200 million years. It seems as time goes on the number of species increases. This seems to be a law on this planet and maybe the universe.
Animal biodiversity on the planet world
There are indications that humans could be changing this by causing extinctions. However, it will be a long time before the variation of species declines significantly. With the poles melting a tipping point could be reached where even humans are under threat of disappearing. This is just a theory at this time. Perhaps, changing the way we live will make things better for all creatures.

Human knowledge is going on a pace. There are new discoveries minute to minute. Indeed, it is difficult for specialists to keep up with all the reading that is necessary. Even general practitioners say there are not enough hours in the day to keep abreast of the latest breakthroughs.
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HIGHEST NUMBER OF SPECIES IN THE WORLD NOW!
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