KAI2 Improves Growth as Well as Germination After Fire

KAI2 improves plant growth after a fire germination
Why do plant seeds in Australia start germinating after a fire? It is because of Karrikin Insensitive2 (KAI2) a protein which has been present in plants for millions of years. KAI2 has been important for all plants for 400 million years.

When the KAI2 protein was removed from a higher, more recent plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, its leaves malformed. Yet splicing the KAI2 back by taking it from the ancient Selaginella resulted in improved A. thaliana growth, but it could no longer detect the presence of smoke the normal function of KAI2.

This finding shows the more general function of KAI2. It not only identifies karrikins in smoke, it is important for plant growth. "Sensing" is the main purpose of KAI2. Apparently it can be tuned to detect different things. This could help farmers control seed germination times.

Wheat is notorious for germinating in the grain during heavy rain periods. Being able to spray a chemical that stops this would save millions of dollars and improve crop yields. Furthermore, spraying to stop weeds from sprouting would be the supreme herbicide.
Biology by Ty Buchanan
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Bear Sits With Man

Bear sitting with man
"We will have to stop meeting like this!"
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No More Poppies Needed to Produce Narcotics

Scientists have found a way of transforming ordinary sugar into hydrocodone. This will lead to a cheaper way of manufacturing opiates. Unfortunately, it will also make things easier for drug traffickers selling a cheaper product,
Hydrocodone made with yeast as catalyst
Yeast changes sugar into pain killer. This takes out the entire one year growing season for poppies and the factory process itself. At present, 4,400 gallons of yeast is needed to produce a small amount of hydrocodone. Work will proceed to improve this.

With yeast as the catalyst, it looks like plant-based medication manufacturing is under threat. Yeast has snippets of DNA added to reprogram cells into target compounds. Notably, a third of the world's supply of the medication artemisinin is already produced from modified yeast. Artemisinin needs six genes while hydrocodone requires 23. Some genes from rats arehydrocodone.
put into the yeast to make

A "halfway-house" way of manufacturing pain killers is possible. A strain of yeast to make thebaine is available. It has to be processed in a factory to create the thebaine opiate, but it is cheaper than using poppies and is quicker.
Chemistry by Ty Buchanan
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Pizza Squirrel

"I have just taken delivery."
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Link Between Diabetes and TB

There could be link to diet for tuberculosis. It seems people with diabetes are likely to also have tuberculosis in tropical Australia. Little is said about it, but tuberculosis is the leading cause of bacterial death in the world. It has also been known for some time about the predilection to have tuberculosis in people with diabetes.
link between diabetes and tuberculosis tb
It could be a "racial" trait. Australian Aboriginals and those of Torres Strait descent are high on the list. having diabetes makes sufferers susceptible to immune dysregulation with opens people to infection generally. It is only rational to screen those with diabetes for tuberculosis. This is not currently done.

It is not known if dysregulation is the cause of problem. Historical data is not much help because diabetes was not an identifiable disease while TB was, in past centuries. Research is being done to find find the reason for it. Reduce the prevalence of diabetes and cases of TB fall. It is as simple as that.
Science by Ty Buchanan
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Lion Investigates

lion hunter gun rifle
"What you doing with that gun?"
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Speed of Light Broadband for Australia

Netflix came to Australia and within a few months the entertainment landscape changed. All of the major free-to-air televisions stations now offer movie and program downloads at an exceedingly low monthly rate. Foxtel reduced the prices of some of its packages by 60 per cent. The Internet market per se is about to be hit as well.
myrepublic versus telstra
MyRepublic is coming to Australia. It has heavily condemned Telstra for its lacklustre provision of broadband Internet via the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Singaporean company will invest in its own network and provide super-fast broadband at prices lower than Telstra. The offer of 100 megabit per second at $80 a month is at the low end of Telstra much slower offer. The copper to homes from the node will hamper Telstra Mr Rodrigues of My Republic says. He says the government has been lying all along about the NBN's ultimate speed.

Just about every Australian believes that the NBN rollout is a mess. It is the target of ongoing jokes with, "Have you go the NBN yet." "No, but the neighbours have it and I should get it in 10 years." Fibre to the home is MyRepublic's business motto that it will never give up. It will offer fibre all the way for free.

The government say the final speed will be 20Mbps. MyRepublic says it will be far less than that. With many ADSL2 customers already getting 25Mbps it is mot really a beneficial investment at all! Australia will be well down the list when the international minimum speed is set at 50Mbps. Disagreeing with Mr Rodriques' claims will not make them go away, particularly if they are the truth.

Telstra says MyRepublic will probably move the nodes closer to homes. The "feet stuck in mud" telecom giant says it will not do this because the government will not give them more money. How often do we see former market leaders end up on the scrap heap of history?

Yeah, saying the goal is the supply of faster Internet to the majority of Australians sounds marvellous, but individual Australians only care about the minimum speed.
Technology by Ty Buchanan
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Rabbit at Work

Rabbit at work desk office
"Another hard day at the office!"
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Wheat and Other Grass Seeds are toxic!

Human diet today is absolutely unnatural. It is not what we evolved to eat over millions of years. A drastic change occurred 10,000 years ago when we decided to eat grass seeds: flour is just that! Cows are "made" to eat this but people are not. The amount of carbohydrates we consume is at least 100 times more than that in tubers, berries and meat, our normal foods.
toxic gluten in brown grass seed bread
It is no wonder that bringing stomach flora back into balance by taking probiotics is having a positive effect on health. Diseases such a Crohn's Disease are common today, a consequence of eating the wrong foods from birth. Probiotics miraculously reduce stomach ache, a symptom of this painful illness.

If probiotics are combined with a gluten free regimen the results are even better. Wheat is high in gluten. Celiac disease is four time higher now that in the 1950s. It continues to rise as the third world adopts the Western diet.

Carbohydrate give us energy, but it is also toxic to the human body. Just removing carbohydrate and leaving the gluten improves digestion. All grass seed is poisonous to Man. This includes wheat, barley and rye. Eating bread containing raw seeds from these plants will not do you any good, despite the myth!
Evolution by Ty Buchanan
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Stuffed Dog?

Stuffed toy dog
"No, I am not a stuffed toy!"
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Dangerous Frogs of South America

Though South American animals have been named little is known about many of them. Scientists fell into the trap of taking frogs for granted. They got more than they bargained for.  Aparasphenodon brunoi and Corythomantis greeningi are the first venomous frogs to be identified. The dart frogs have bony spines on their faces that they jab into potential predators.
Venomous toxic frog corythomantis greeningi
Like snakes, the frogs inject a toxin into the body of threats. This is odd really, because the frogs have evolved this defence while having no natural enemies. The target of a frog was Edmund Brodie, a biologist, who suffered intense, radiating pain lasting for over five hours. He was lucky: a gram of this venom can kill 300,000 mice or 80 people. It would take many frogs, though, to make this much toxin.

The attack on the scientist was a glancing blow by C. greeningi, which is not as potent as A. brunoi. The team was not going to test out A. brunoi, however. Another thing was learned by the biologist: when you walk in the jungle don't go around picking things up. You may get a surprise!
Biology  by Ty Buchanan
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Cat Attack

Cat riding rat
"Get off!  Are you mad?"
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Mysterious Death

The odd case of a woman who police claim stabbed herself to death with an 8 inch long knife - you would have to be a Japanese officer in dire straits to do this! For some reason police have always stuck to their suicide finding. A doctor working in a funeral parlor thought it was odd that the woman had wounds on her hands as if she was defending herself. It took two years before police got back to him after he reported this.
Dr Karen Mahlo
Police said that the victim, Dr Karen Mahlo, had stabbed herself as she lay on her back in bed. John Michael Hehir, her boyfriend, was not a suspect, then: his claims of not being able to phone her and rushing to her house had been verified. He said lights were turned off downstairs. Why would you turn the lights off if you were going upstairs to kill yourself?

A very strange thing was that the knife had been plunged through her pyjamas. One would have pushed the pyjamas aside to get it over with. Her death was well planned: a note was on a running computer with a copy on the desk and another addressed to her children telling then they were left nothing. Cases of such vigorous preparation are rare.

John Hehir behaved in a peculiar manner. During the drive to Mahlo's home on the night of her death he phoned for an ambulance before he reached the house. Soon after he returned, then took a bike and a USB drive. Hehir had a will in his possession which left him her house but not her investment properties. The "real" will was located on the computer leaving everything to her children and parents. Unfortunately, the computer will is not valid.

Justice Philip McMurdo dismissed the family's claim. There has never been an inquest into the death. It shows how stupid police and judges are in cases like this. John Michael Hehir has never been charged.
Law by Ty Buchanan
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Ferret in a Hammock

Ferret sleeping in a hammock
"No!  No rabbits today."
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Hangover Cure - Pears

Apparently, Australia has found a cure for hangover. This does come from a reputable source - CSIRO. Symptoms of hangover are headache, dry mouth, nausea, sweating, sore stomach, and drowsiness. Just why we suffer is not known. No specific chemical has been isolated as causal.
Pear cider cures hangover
The "cure" seems to be too easy - you eat pears! This fruit has other benefits: it is anti-inflammatory, lowers cholesterol and relieves constipation. A variety grown in Korea attacks aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol deydrogenase (ADH) which are involved in metabolizing alcohol. Pears must be consumed before imbibing to have the curative effect. Whether it just stops alcohol from being absorbed is not yet known. It if it does this, then it would not be much use.

Alcohol depletes the body's vitamin and mineral resources. Time is needed to get the correct balance back. This means an instant "cure" will not be possible. Blocking alcohol is possible though. Pears may do this. You can eat pears and drink, or choose not to drink in the first place.
Science  by Ty Buchanan
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