Showing posts with label farm. Show all posts
Showing posts with label farm. Show all posts

Wheat Rust Genes Understood After 30 Years



The genetic makeup of wheat rust has been a mystery for over 30 years. Puzzle of wheat rust genetics solved after 30 years by scientists. Researchers from CSIRO, the University of Sydney, Limagrain UK, the United Kingdom's John Innes Centre and the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB) have identified the first three resistance genes against stripe rust disease which devastates world wheat crops. UK and Australian scientists solve 30-year wheat rust genetics conundrum.

CSIRO University of Sydney Limagrain UK United Kingdom's John Innes Centre National Institute of Agricultural Botany NIAB. yr7 yr5 yrsp. world's population. crops. Dr. Peng Zhang, Ms Jianping, Zhang, prof robert park, Dr. Evans Lagudah, Ms Clemence Marchal.

discovery scientists, cloned three related rust resistance genes—called Yr7, Yr5, YrSP enable important genes accurately monitored integrated breeding programs fight ever-changing pathogens kill 70 percent whole wheat crops time. Wheat relied one-third world's population economically important staple foods. Wheat rust widespread devastating diseases stripe rust— bright yellow shaped stripes is problematic pathogens worldwide easily adapts different climates environments, effective genes breeders varieties.

characterisation three genes made possible short period time improving technology collaboration led Australia UK. University Sydney's cereal rust research team directorship Prof Robert Park—a world-leader wheat rust research—created mutation populations 2015 identified mutants each gene, unknowingly parallel, scientists UK working genes. found each other's work international conference (the 3th International Wheat Genetics Symposium) April 2017 started collaborating.

findings published today Nature Plants. Co-author University Sydney Dr. Peng Zhang research major contribution understanding immune receptor protein class resistance genes wheat; similar gene structure, each gene confers distinct unique recognition specificity stripe rust pathogen. This work finally resolved relationships three genes provided answer question 30-year-old. Our work represents authenticated molecular isolation major resistance genes stripe rust.

Australian, UK scientists solve 30-year wheat rust genetics puzzle. lead authors Ph.D. students: Ms Jianping Zhang (co-supervised Prof Robert Park Dr. Peng Zhang Sydney's School Life Environmental Sciences Dr. Evans Lagudah CSIRO) Ms Clemence Marchal John Innes Centre, UK. Ph.D. candidate Ms Zhang recently, would years clone resistance gene wheat. With advances mutational genomics, sequencing cloning technologies, clone three genes relatively short period time," Ms Zhang, member Sydney Institute Agriculture Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty conducting research University Sydney CSIRO. thorough understanding gene structure relationships three important genes.

Dr. Zhang breakthrough possible editing genes rendered ineffective rust pathogen, order try switch effectiveness again, protecting rust pathogens minimising fungicide. work possible isolate genes better understanding architectures functions. Diagnostic markers developed genes utilised promptly wheat breeding programs world. addition, cloning functional analysis genes lead novel control strategies future. Explore further: Researchers seek wheat fungus thing past

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Wheat rust
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Guinea Pig Waters His Plants

▶A guinea for the pig who keeps her flowers alive and well in her home ✿ fleece d pigs d piggy d bedding d caecals ✿ home ⧫1
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Guinea pig waters plants
"I will give these a drink"
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Feed me or I shoot you.
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Photographer Snaps Curious Sheep

Curious sheep
"Hey man, what you doing?"
▶ photographer it alpaca coy lamprey prawn dingo buffalo seahorse goanna possum coonhound photographer at snaps to curious on sheep ah camera hi coyote gold cuttlefish pelican elk kookaburra ermine panther dog cat bird photographer an snaps it curious no sheep at camera ah quail parrot moth heron dove rabbit ostrich jaguarundi chow seagull budgie photographer up snaps as curious is sheep of camera ox kestrel solenodons reptile weasel seadragons ferret okapi owl crab bearfish photographer eh snaps ah curious oh sheep be camera as antelope jaguar spider oxen monkey goldfish caterpillar camel crane stork photographer in snaps is curious of sheep eh camera we donkey cicada octopus lobster elephant Skunk blackfish lemming kiwi emu bonito fish dugong ape ibizan norfolk urchin butterfly Rhinoceros pangolin anchovy tropicbird masked sardine platypus pup iguana boxer centipede ◀
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Australian Wheat Yields Have Stalled

There is no doubt that the climate is changing. Usually moderate areas are becoming arid and other places are getting record rain. Countries are not prepared for this. Farmers must change to other crops to stay survive.  | __ ..There is strong evidence globally that increasing greenhouse gases are causing rises in temperature .   
The wheat yield in Australia increased 300 percent to 1990. Since that time output has been steady. Rain seems to be sufficient near the coast, but inland there is not much wet.  Government must do more to help those adapting.  | There is strong evidence globally that increasing greenhouse gases are causing rises in temperature __ .. || .. |    
   
Wheat is a staple for everyone. If the shortfall continues the price will increase. Furthermore, Australia is a major world exporter of wheat. Farmers have changed practices: this has maintained production. | weather has reduced potential crop yields __.... | not.| ....__  
   
Over the last 26 years temperatures have risen by 1.05℃. Rain has declined by 2.8mm per growing season. It is hard to believe that even with this clear evidence there are still skeptics. | __ .. | not rising temperatures and reduced rainfall| .. __ .... |
AGRICULTURE
Tys Outback
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CROP REMAINS EVEN
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global warming hemisphere prophecies regularities alleged claims britain heart processes hectare petroleum fighting study faith christ updated melt regulation hence freedom figures revolution responsible copyright random physics protect doctrine cores official alone was responsible for 17% of the decline belong miles blogger extreme industrial supply appear examples valuable age nasa james don foundation continued massive isn environmental protection could be reduced acts significant medicine western russell lie agencies prize pro apparently wonder raw ray businesses alone was responsible for 17% of the decline system correctness higher salt provided usa wood queensland forecast fair majority papers stalled logic effects despite update donald model h l o regulate planned concerns bank trend wikipedia urban suit deaths ad compression ed celsius la pc measuring feynman subsidies regardless cities borders conventional rejection property egregious feedbacks antarctica karl access stopped 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troubles falling contribution fire amcgltd anonymous signaling trace trade younger pulled skilled speculative abolish leader reliance improver nations punishable infinitely heretical orator brutal rochefoucauld readable flea
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God Made Domestic Animals Calm

Do you want to see natural selection at work? Oddly it isn't really natural. Humans have been selecting for the most suitable domesticated animals for thousands of years. Farm animals today are much different from the wild type we first caught.
A calm bull cow friendly
While chickens are tagged for their fearfulness, they are not scared of people at all. Sure they get out of your way, but that is about it. Six gene variants are functioning in domestic chickens. These do not operate in their wild relative the red junglefowl. Consequently, the fowl is jumpy and flighty when put in farm conditions.

Cows in the slaughter yard know what is going to happen. Nonetheless, they do not scramble to get out. However, horses do not fit this pattern. They can be taken from the wild, broken in, then spend the rest of lives with people. Something done by God perhaps? I don't think so.
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calm farm animals chicken cows horses sheep goats cattle station agriculture genetics articles news politics economics society anthropology historiography history sociology people nations country asia europe africa u.s. south america central Mediterranean eastern western interesting funny technology free news
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Australia's Exports of Genetic Material is Growing

Animal genetics in Australia is going strong. Exports of genetic material is growing particularly in Columbia, Chile and Mexico. The world generally is its oyster. 
Australian animal genetic exports semen
Semen is the primary export product. Chile imports bovine semen while sheep and goat semen is purchased by Columbia. Latin America is the main market. Australia has a way to go to reach the U.S. and Canada. However, it is quickly catching up.

The quality of Australian beef is high and breeds suit the climate of South America. Sheep and goats are highly regarded. Surprisingly, even canine semen is exported to SA. Embryos are also sent there.
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Robot to Replace Dumb Farm Workers

The robot age is here!  That is if you believe what scientists are trying to tell us.  Shouting and waving your hands in the air about a new thing is par for the course.  We have heard it all before: mew thing, great leap forward, and so on.

Apparently, the new gadget is a robot for use on a farm.  Developed in Australia, the machine wanders around the farm "keeping an eye" on crops and pests.  It is guided by hyperspectral cameras and sensors.  The initial field test, forgive the pun, was at a vegetable growing property where beetroot, spinach and onions are grown.

The robot has a mechanical arm for pulling up weeds - wow productivity will go through the roof!  Just how fast will this thing go?  Unfortunately, it moves very slowly.  Scientists say it will free up staff from manual labor.  This is absolute rubbish.  How does it know what is a weed and what is a valuable plant?

Unless it does high-tech stuff it will not prove to be beneficial.  If it can detect pests and diseases very early, it will be useful.  However, manual labor does take a high level of intelligence.  You must know how the job is to be done usually without supervision.  Scientists wrongly believe that farm workers are dumb.
Science by Ty Buchanan
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Pig Food Stop

Food Stop.
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Funny Animal Photos by Ty Buchanan
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Australian Truffle Industry at Risk

It may be hard to believe, but Tasmania has a thriving truffle industry.  Perigord, the company that began truffle growing in Australia, has a trained team of dogs to search out the valuable product.

Something is damaging the crop.  A beetle related to the European truffle beetle has appeared.  Truffle beetles have not been studied to a great extent.  Until now the fungus has been pest free.  In Europe they are also destroyed by flies, gnats, and larvae.  Because the European truffle has only been here for about thirty years, growing them was easy.  The pests have found them and are attacking.  It seems the local beetle likes them too.  Moreover, the European snail has inadvertently been imported.

There is a problem in doing research to identify the culprits.  Truffles must be dug up to be examined before they ripen.  Once brought into the light at this early stage they are no good for the market. Using pesticides as is done in Europe would be very expensive.  Few Australian producers are willing to come forward to assist the study, fearing financial loss.
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Agriculture
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Remote Sensing Reduces Farm Costs

Telemetry and remote sensing significantly cuts labor costs on agricultural properties. Water supplies for stock are being monitored remotely with water levels being relayed via radio signals back to the homestead.

Besides water levels at bores, animal weight can also be remotely monitored, but more work is needed on this. Water level, however, is by far the most important part of work on cattle stations. At Napperby station near Alice Springs the bore runs for 500km. This used to be checked three times a week. Now a physical check is done only once a week. The Fuel cost for motor vehicles is significantly reduced.

Cattle are more easily monitored because they congregate as a group at water bores. Remote drafting and weighing of cattle is being perfected and this will contribute greatly to cutting labor costs.
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Agriculture
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